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精密模具零件加工的磨削加工工藝

      精密模具零件加工的磨削加工工藝

      模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)配件(jian)(jian)是(shi)指(zhi)裝配模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)的(de)零件(jian)(jian)或部(bu)件(jian)(jian)；也可以指(zhi)損(sun)壞后重新安裝上(shang)的(de)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)零件(jian)(jian)或部(bu)件(jian)(jian)。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)一般是(shi)由(you)許多零件(jian)(jian)構成，可以分為兩類：工(gong)(gong)藝零件(jian)(jian)和結構零件(jian)(jian)。工(gong)(gong)藝零件(jian)(jian)直接對成型(xing)(xing)產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量造成影響，工(gong)(gong)藝零件(jian)(jian)的(de)決勝品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)在當(dang)下的(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)配件(jian)(jian)均用(yong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)手(shou)段來(lai)完成。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程關系到精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)的(de)壽命和成型(xing)(xing)產品(pin)(pin)，在精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)配件(jian)(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)階段除(chu)采(cai)用(yong)慢走絲線切割、電火(huo)花(hua)成型(xing)(xing)等工(gong)(gong)藝手(shou)段外，另(ling)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)方法即(ji)是(shi)在半精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)后，熱處(chu)理基礎上(shang)磨削(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)。

       那么(me)在(zai)精(jing)密(mi)模具(ju)配(pei)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)磨(mo)削加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段需要(yao)控制好零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)變形(xing)、內(nei)應力、形(xing)狀(zhuang)公差及尺寸精(jing)度等許多(duo)(duo)技術參數。在(zai)具(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)實踐中，操作困難較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)，但是(shi)在(zai)東莞(guan)市時利和(he)(he)15年的(de)(de)精(jing)密(mi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經驗中可以(yi)總結(jie)分析的(de)(de)出可以(yi)借鑒的(de)(de)方(fang)法：一(yi)、從(cong)模具(ju)的(de)(de)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)控制精(jing)密(mi)模具(ju)配(pei)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，我們可以(yi)針(zhen)對不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)模具(ju)零(ling)件(jian)、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)材質、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)和(he)(he)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)技術要(yao)求進行適應性(xing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，提供選(xuan)擇(ze)性(xing)方(fang)案。通過對加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)控制，達(da)到更好的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效果和(he)(he)經濟性(xing)是(shi)大多(duo)(duo)數精(jing)密(mi)模具(ju)配(pei)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業關注的(de)(de)重點(dian)。精(jing)密(mi)模具(ju)配(pei)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程(cheng)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)：粗加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—半精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—（淬火、調質）—精(jing)密(mi)磨(mo)削—電加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—鉗工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)修整—組(zu)裝加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

       在精(jing)密模具配件加工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)加工(gong)(gong)階(jie)段主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)采(cai)用的(de)(de)機床有三種主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)類型：平面磨(mo)床、內外圓磨(mo)床及工(gong)(gong)具成(cheng)型磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)機床。精(jing)加工(gong)(gong)磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)時要(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格控制磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)變形和磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)裂紋的(de)(de)出現(xian)，哪怕是工(gong)(gong)件表面的(de)(de)顯微(wei)裂紋，否(fou)則在后續的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)也(ye)會(hui)漸漸顯露出來(lai)。因此，精(jing)密磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)時的(de)(de)進刀量(liang)要(yao)(yao)小，磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)冷(leng)卻(que)要(yao)(yao)充分，盡(jin)量(liang)選擇(ze)冷(leng)卻(que)液介質，加工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)在0.01mm內的(de)(de)零件要(yao)(yao)盡(jin)量(liang)恒溫磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)。

       磨(mo)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中要及時(shi)(shi)修整砂(sha)輪(lun)，保(bao)持砂(sha)輪(lun)的(de)銳利，當砂(sha)輪(lun)鈍化后會(hui)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)滑擦、刻劃、擠壓，造成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)燒(shao)傷、顯(xian)微裂痕或產生(sheng)(sheng)溝槽，對以(yi)后的(de)使用(yong)顯(xian)著(zhu)地(di)降低效用(yong)。盤類(lei)、板(ban)類(lei)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)大部分采(cai)用(yong)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)磨(mo)床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)長而(er)薄的(de)薄板(ban)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi)，有一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)難度。加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前在(zai)(zai)磨(mo)床(chuang)磁力(li)(li)臺的(de)強(qiang)力(li)(li)吸(xi)引下，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)先存在(zai)(zai)某種(zhong)彎曲產生(sheng)(sheng)平直形(xing)變(bian)(bian)，貼(tie)近于工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，待(dai)磨(mo)削(xue)后，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)又(you)在(zai)(zai)原(yuan)應力(li)(li)作用(yong)下變(bian)(bian)形(xing)回(hui)復，測量板(ban)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)厚度時(shi)(shi)顯(xian)示一(yi)(yi)致，但由(you)于變(bian)(bian)形(xing)回(hui)復，平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)度達(da)不到精密模具配件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)應該的(de)要求(qiu)，解決的(de)方(fang)法是磨(mo)削(xue)前以(yi)等高墊(dian)鐵墊(dian)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)下面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，四周(zhou)用(yong)擋塊擋住工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)防(fang)止走(zou)(zou)動，磨(mo)削(xue)時(shi)(shi)磨(mo)頭進(jin)刀量要小，用(yong)多次走(zou)(zou)刀方(fang)式完(wan)成(cheng)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)好一(yi)(yi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)后，可用(yong)這一(yi)(yi)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)吸(xi)附在(zai)(zai)磁力(li)(li)臺上，通過如上所述的(de)磨(mo)削(xue)方(fang)法可改善大部分工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)度。